Architecture Design Space Exploration for Streaming Applications Through Timing Analysis

In this paper we compare the maximum achievable throughput of different memory organisations of the processing elements that constitute a multiprocessor system on chip. This is done by modelling the mapping of a task with input and output channels on a processing element as a homogeneous synchronous dataflow graph, and use maximum cycle mean analysis to derive the throughput. In a HiperLAN2 case study we show how these techniques can be used to derive the required clock frequency and communication latencies in order to meet the application's throughput requirement on a multiprocessor system on chip that has one of the investigated memory organisations

Are schools and alcohol a good mix? A qualitative study of school principals’ experiences of adults’ alcohol use in Australian secondary schools

Objective: Parents, schools and the broader community influence children’s socialisation to alcohol. In Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States there have been media reports of adults consuming alcohol at family focused school events such as fairs and graduations. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe school principals’ experiences of adults’ use of alcohol at school events, when children are present. Design/setting/participants: A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken. Publicly available lists were used to invite sixty principals from government and Catholic secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted and analysed thematically and reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Results: Fourteen principals (five female, nine male) participated. Most (10) of the participating principals reported adults’ use of alcohol at events when students were present. Regarding these events, most principals reported concerns regarding potential harms and responsibility for decision making about alcohol availability in schools. Some (4) principals believed alcohol should not be present at such events and this was their practice. Half of the participating schools had recently made changes to reduce the availability or management of alcohol at school functions. Conclusions: The findings confirm the common use of alcohol by adults at school events, the challenges this poses for school principals and suggests consideration needs to be given to identifying strategies for supporting schools and school principals in decision-making regarding the conduct of such events

Conidial Germination and Infection by Diplocarpon Rosae on Susceptible and Resistant Rose Species

Conidial germination and infection by Dipplocarpon rosae, the causal organism of rose blackspot, were examined on two resistant species of roses, Rosa roxburghii and R. wichuraiana and two susceptible hybrid tea roses (R. hybrid cv. Chicago Peace and Garden Party). Fungal conidia germinated and gave rise to subcuticular mycelium that formed haustoria within epidermal cells of all four roses tested. On the resistant rose species, epidermal cells associated with the infection site became necrotic, indicating that a hypersensitive response is involved in conferring their resistance D. rosae

Citation Metrics for Legal Information Retrieval Systems

This paper examines citations in legal information retrieval. Citation metrics can be a factor of relevance in the ranking algorithms of legal information retrieval systems. We provide an overview of the Dutch legal publishing culture. To analyze citations in legal publications, we manually analyze a set of documents and register by what (type of) documents they are cited: document type, intended audience of documents, actual audience of documents and author affiliations. An analysis of 9 cited documents and 217 citing documents shows no strict separation in citations between documents aimed at scholars and documents aimed at practitioners. Our results suggest that citations in legal documents do not measure the impact on scholarly publications and scholars, but measure a broader scope of impact, or relevance, for the legal field.Computer Science

Citation metrics for legal information retrieval: scholars and practitioners intertwined?

This paper examines citations in legal documents in the context of bibliometric-enhanced legal information retrieval. It is suggested that users of legal information retrieval systems wish to see both scholarly and non-scholarly information, and legal information retrieval systems are developed to be used by both scholarly and non-scholarly users. Since the use of citations in building arguments plays an important role in the legal domain, bibliometric information (such as citations) is an instrument to enhance legal information retrieval systems. This paper examines, through literature and data analysis, whether a bibliometric-enhanced ranking for legal information retrieval should consider both scholarly and non-scholarly publications, and whether this ranking could serve both user groups, or whether a distinction needs to be made.Our literature analysis suggests that for legal documents, there is no strict separation between scholarly and non-scholarly documents. There is no clear mark by which the two groups can be separated, and in as far as a distinction can be made, literature shows that both scholars and practitioners (non-scholars) use both types.We perform a data analysis to analyze this finding for legal information retrieval in practice, using citation and usage data from a legal search engine in the Netherlands. We first create a method to classify legal documents as either scholarly or non-scholarly based on criteria found in the literature. We then semi-automatically analyze a set of seed documents and register by what (type of) documents they are cited. This resulted in a set of 52 cited (seed) documents and 3086 citing documents. Based on the affiliation of users of the search engine, we analyzed the relation between user group and document type.Our data analysis confirms the literature analysis and shows much cross-citations between scholarly and non-scholarly documents. In addition, we find that scholarly users often open non-scholarly documents and vice versa. Our results suggest that for use in legal information retrieval systems citations in legal documents measure part of a broad scope of impact, or relevance, on the entire legal field. This means that for bibliometric-enhanced ranking in legal information retrieval, both scholarly and non-scholarly documents should be considered. The disregard by both scholarly and non-scholarly users of the distinction between scholarly and non-scholarly publications also suggests that the affiliation of the user is not likely a suitable factor to differentiate rankings on. The data in combination with literature suggests that a differentiation on user intent might be more suitable.Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog